Section Anglais

In operative dentistry and endodontics, effective pain control is achieved through the appropriate selection and execution of anesthetic techniques, which constitute the core of clinical practice. Local anesthesia primarily includes supraperiosteal (para-apical) infiltrations, which are effective in the maxilla and in the anterior mandibular region due to thinner cortical bone, and are indicated for short, single-tooth procedures. When infiltration is insufficient or contraindicated, alternative supplemental techniques—namely intraligamentary, intraseptal, intraosseous (transcortical), and intrapulpal anesthesia—allow direct diffusion of the anesthetic into cancellous bone or the pulp, providing rapid, localized analgesia, particularly useful in endodontic emergencies and mandibular posterior teeth. Regional anesthesia, especially posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, inferior alveolar, and mental nerve blocks, provides profound and long-lasting anesthesia over a wider field and is the technique of choice for multiple or prolonged procedures, for mandibular molars, and in the presence of inflammation where local tissue acidity reduces anesthetic efficacy. Mastery of anatomical landmarks, injection techniques, indications, contraindications, and possible complications is essential, as anesthetic success depends less on the agent used than on precise technique and appropriate clinical decision-making.